In Kansai-ben, ねん, てん, ん, のん, and たん are used in queries, asking for reasons, and giving explanations.
The standard sentence endings のだ and んだ may become ねん and てん in Kansai-ben. The main difference between the two is that while ねん is mainly used in the non-past tense, てん is always used in the past tense.
Similarly, the standard sentence ending の may become ん, のん, or たん in Kansai-ben. It should be noted that ん and のん have essentially the same meaning, with the difference decided by region or speaker preference. Again, similar to the above, while ん and のん are used in the non-past tense, たん is only used in the past-tense (the た in たん is considered to be a part in ta-form? of the verbs, adjectives, and nouns that comes in front of たん).
It should be highlighted that just like their counterparts in standard Japanese, ねん and てん are used to express a more emphatic feeling than ん, のん, and たん.
It should also be noted that the てん mentioned here is not related to the てる/てん of verb conjugation.
Common uses:
Grammar elements:
Kansai vs. Standard:
ねん/てん
Standard | ___のだ ___んだ |
---|---|
Kansai-ben | ___ねん ___てん |
ん/のん/たん
Standard | ___の |
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Kansai-ben | ___ん ___のん ___たん |
Formation:
Formation from standard:
__ねん
verbs that end with る* | verbs that do not end with る (including the past tense of verbs that end with る) |
i-Adj? | na-Adj? | N? | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Standard | 帰る のだ 帰る んだ |
行く のだ 行く んだ |
大きい のだ 大きい んだ |
しずかな のだ しずかな んだ |
学生な のだ 学生な んだ |
Kansai-ben | 帰ん ねん 帰る ねん |
行く ねん | 大きい ねん | しずかや ねん | 学生や ねん |
*These are not only ru-verbs but also u-verbs end with る. (Example: 帰る、取る)
__てん
V? (ta-form?) | i-Adj? (ta-form) | na-Adj? (ta-form) | N? (ta-form) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Standard | 行った のだ 行った んだ |
大きかった のだ 大きかった んだ |
しずかだった のだ しずかだった んだ |
学生だった のだ 学生だった んだ |
Kansai-ben | 行って ん | 大きかって ん | しずかやって ん | 学生やって ん |
__ん
V? (ta-form?) | i-Adj? (ta-form) | na-Adj? (ta-form) | N? (ta-form) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Standard | 行く の | 大きい の | しずかな の | 学生な の |
Kansai-ben | 行く ん | 大きい ん | しずかな* ん | 学生な ん |
*with a na-Adj.+の, the な part can become や. (Example: しずかやの)
Example:
Standard | 明日、テストあるんだ。 |
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Kansai-ben | 明日、テストあるねん。 |
English | We'll have a quiz tomorrow. |
Standard | 昨日の晩ご飯、カレーだったんだ。 |
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Kansai-ben | 昨日の晩ご飯、カレーやってん。 |
English | We had curry for dinner last night. |
Standard | どうするの? |
---|---|
Kansai-ben | どうするん? |
English | What are you going to do? |
Standard | どこ行くの? |
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Kansai-ben | どこ行くのん? |
English | Where are you going? |
Standard | 昨日、学校行ったの? |
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Kansai-ben | 昨日、学校行ったん? |
English | Did you go to school yesterday? |
Commentary:
Past tense + ねん
ねん can also used with the past tense. In that case, just add ねん to the past tense of words.
When to use ねん, てん, ん, のん, and たん
× should not be used
* can only be used with final particles such as や.